Dental Wax and Surface Hardness of Refractory Materials

Autori

  • Ihab Nafea Yaseen
  • Nidhal Sahib Mansoor college of health and medical techniques
  • Rasha Mohammed Zwyyer
  • Shurooq Falih Altaie

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1335

Parole chiave:

Phosphate, Surface Hardness, Palm Wax, Beeswax, Candelilla Wax

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of three different types of natural dental waxes (beeswax, palm wax, and candelilla wax) on the surface hardness of a phosphate-bonded refractory material. Twenty specimens of a phosphate-bonded investment material were made and divided randomly into four groups (n=5). Group 1 received no treatment and served as the control. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to the surface treatment by dipping in melted beeswax, palm wax, and candelilla wax, respectively. The surface hardness of all samples was measured using a Shore D hardness tester. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All three dental waxes showed non-significant differences in surface hardness when compared to the control group. The highest hardness value was determined in the palm wax group (106 ± 4.9), which was significantly higher than that obtained for the other groups. Within the limitations of this experimental in-vitro study, the use of natural dental waxes can be considered as an effective surface-hardness improving technique for phosphate-bonded investment materials. Palm wax was the best enhancement agent, indicating that it could be used as a simple and inexpensive means of improving the quality of investment molds in dental laboratories.

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Pubblicato

2026-06-03

Fascicolo

V. 14 N. 1 (2026)

Sezione

Adults & the Elderly

Licenza

Copyright (c) 2026 Ihab Nafea Yaseen, Nidhal Sahib Mansoor, Rasha Mohammed Zwyyer, Shurooq Falih Altaie

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