Influence of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodine Pretreatment on Bond Durability, Nanoleakage, and Interfacial Integrity of Universal Adhesives to Caries-Affected Dentin

Autores/as

  • Mustafa Raheem Hilal College of Dentistry, University of Al-Maarif, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
  • Noor Hasan Abed College of Dentistry, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Abdulrahman Zaid Al-Najjar Department of Dental Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Gilgamesh University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Yaqoob Yousif Kadhim Al-Mahmoudiya Specialized Center for Dentistry, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Faehaa Azhar Al-Mashhadane Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
  • Manar Emad Ahmed Department of Dental Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Gilgamesh University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Noor Mohammed Saqee Al-Karkh Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1579

Palabras clave:

Fluoride, Silver Diamine Fluoride, Dental Caries, Prevention

Resumen

Although silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been widely applied to arrest dentinal caries, the precipitates generated after application may negatively affect the ability of the fluoride to bond to the tooth. The use of potassium iodide (KI) may be useful in minimizing SDF discoloration, while its effects on the longevity of universal adhesives are not yet known. This in vitro study aimed to assess the immediate and aged bond strength, nanoleakage, and failure-mode distribution of two universal adhesives bonded to caries-affected dentin with or without SDF followed by KI. The total of 120 extracted permanent teeth were used to create standardized artificial caries-affected dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into three dentin pretreatment groups: the control group (C), the 38% SDF group (A), and the 38% SDF followed by KI group (B). Each group was subdivided based on the type of universal adhesive used (Scotchbond Universal Plus vs. Clearfil Universal Bond Quick). The specimens were either examined immediately after composite build-up or after 10,000 thermal cycles plus six months of water storage. The microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage and failure-mode distribution were evaluated. Linear mixed-effects models were used to control for clustering of beams within teeth and p < 0.05 was used as the threshold for significance. The SDF significantly reduced immediate and aged µTBS and increased nanoleakage (p < 0.001) compared to untreated caries-affected dentin. The application of KI after SDF significantly increased bond strength and decreased nanoleakage compared with SDF alone (p < 0.05); however, neither outcome returned to the values observed in the untreated control groups. The bond strength was significantly diminished and the nanoleakage was significantly increased in all groups after artificial aging, the most in the SDF-only groups. The number of adhesive failures was also higher after SDF treatment, especially after aging. The overall performance of Clearfil Universal Bond Quick was just slightly better than Scotchbond Universal Plus. Pretreatment with SDF had a negative impact on the durability of the universal adhesive bonding to caries-affected dentin. These negative effects were partially mitigated but not fully restored by applying KI immediately after SDF, and the bonding performance was not restored to the level of that in the untreated dentin. Therefore, adequate surface management should be considered prior to the placement of adhesive composite restorations after SDF.

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Publicado

2026-09-22

Número

Vol. 14 Núm. 2 (2026)

Sección

Development of Craniofacial Structures

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2026 Mustafa Raheem Hilal, Noor Hasan Abed, Abdulrahman Zaid Al-Najjar, Yaqoob Yousif Kadhim, Faehaa Azhar Al-Mashhadane, Manar Emad Ahmed, Noor Mohammed Saqee

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