Prevalence of oral tori among medical and dental Students at the University of the West Indies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2016.55Nøgleord:
Torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, oral tori, exososes, Jamaica, prevalenceResumé
Objective: To determine the prevalence and gender variation of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) amongst medical and dental students at the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies. Subjects and Methods: The study observed 335 medical and dental students from the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies. Routine dental examinations were conducted to check the presence/absence of TP and TM by inspection and palpation. Results: The overall prevalence of TP and TM was 27.76%. The oral torus prevalence was as follows, torus palatinus was 44.08%, torus mandibularis was 36.55% and individuals with both torus palatinus and mandibularis was 19.35%. The study observed that the prevalence of TP and TM in females was 16.11% (54/335), and males 11.64% (39/335). It was also found that bilateral torus mandibularis (40.38%) was more prevalent than unilateral right torus mandibularis (36.53%) and unilateral left torus mandibularis (23.07%). Conclusions: The prevalence of TP and TM are comparatively higher than neighboring Caribbean nations and West African countries. Our observations also highlighted that TP is highly prevalent among various types of oral tori. The study also recorded higher prevalence of oral tori among females. Due to higher prevalence of oral tori among the study group, Jamaican dentists need be knowledgeable about the high prevalence and clinical significance of TP and TM for dental treatment.
Referencer
Clinical, tomographic as-pects and relevance of to-rus palatinus: case report of two sisters. Alexandre Simo˜es Nogueira, Eduardo Sanches Gonc¸ales, Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, Jo-se´ Humberto Damante, Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar, Fernanda Arau´jo Sampaio et al. Surg Radiol Anat 2013 Nov;35:867-871. PMID: 24170193
Prevalence of torus palati-nus in Cappadocia region population of Turkey. Yild-iray Sisman, Elif Tarim Er-tas, Cumali Gokce and Fa-ruk Akgunlu. European Journal of Dentistry 2008 Oct;2:269-75. PMID: 19212533
Prevalence of Torus Palati-nus and torus mandibularis in Jordanian population. Derar Al-Sebaie, Mashoor Al wrikat. Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 2011 May;31(1): 214-16. PMID: 16685302
Current status of the torus palatinus and torus man-dibularis. Andres S Garcia-Garcia, Jose-Maria Mar-tinez-Gonzalez, Rafael Gomez-font, Angeles Soto-Rivadeneira, Lucia Ovideo-Roldan. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Buccal 2010 Mar; 15(2):e353-60. PMID: 19767716
Prevalence of torus man-dibularis among various ethnic groups in Karachi city: a cross sectional study. Daud Mizra, Nadeem Hafeez Khokhar, Shah Jahan Katpar, Yawar khan, Saman Hakeem, Mo-hammad Ayub Musani. Pa-kistan Oral and Dental Journal 2013;33(2):277-280.
Genetic influence on the prevalence of torus palati-nus. Gorsky M, Bukai A, Shohat M. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Jan;75(2):138-40. PMID: 9450873
An epidemiological study of tori among 667 dental outpatients in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Al-Bayaty HF, Murti PR, Mat-thews R. Gupta. Interna-tional Dental Journal 2001Aug; 51:300-04. PMID: 11570546
The effect of culture change upon the Eskimo dentition. Mayhal J T. Arc-tic Antbrapol 1970;51: 117-121.
Pronounced palatal and mandibular tori observed in a patient with chronic phenytoin therapy: a case report. Sasaki H, Ilkeo D, Kataoka M, Kido J, Kitamu-ra S, Nagata T. J Periodontl 1999 Apr;70:445-8. PMID: 10328658
Relationship between to-rus mandibularis and num-ber of present teeth. Eggen S, Natvig B. Scand J Dent Res 1986 Jun;94:233-40. PMID: 3461543
Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in edentulous patients. Al Quran F, Al-Dwairi Z. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;7(2): 112-119. PMID: 16685302
Palatal tubercles, palatal tori, and mandibular tori: prevalence and anatomic features in a U.S. popula-tion. Sonnier KE, Horning GM, Cohen ME. J Periodon-tol 1999 Mar;70:329-36. PMID: 10225550
Palatal rugae patterns as bioindicators of identifica-tion in Forensic Dentistry. Ismar Eduardo Martins, Sil-via Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres, Arsenio Sales-Peres, Suzana Papile Maciel Carvalho. RFO 2009; 14(3): 227-233.
Torus mandibularis bone chips combined with plate-let rich plasma gel for treatment of intrabony os-seous defects: clinical and radiographic evaluation. Hassan KS, Alagl AS, Abdel-Hady A. Int J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg. 2012 Dec;41(12):1519-26. PMID: 22483445
Surgical removal of man-dibular tori and its use as an autogenous graft. Rastogi K, Verma SK, Bhu-shan R. BMJ Case Reports. 2013 Apr; 2013:bcr2012008297. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008297. PMID: 23605821
Relationship between oral tori and temporomandibu-lar disorders. Sirirungrojy-ing S, Kerdpon D. Int Dent J. 1999 Apr;49(2):101-4. PMID: 10858740
Oral Tori in Chronic Hemo-dialysis Patients. Pei-Jung Chao, Huang-Yu Yang, Wen-Hung Huang, et al., BioMed Research Interna-tional 2015 Mar, Article ID 897674, 7 pages. doi:10.1155/2015/897674 PMID: 25918724
Autosomal dominant oste-osclerosis: report of kin-dred. Curran AE, Pfeffle RC, Miller E. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radi-ol Endod 1999 May;87:600-4. PMID: 10348520
Torus palatinus: a new an-atomical correlation with bone density in postmeno-pausal women. Joseph L Belsky, Josephine S Hamer, Janet E Hubert, Karl In-sogna. The journal of clini-cal endocrinology and me-tabolism 2003 May;88(5):2081-86. PMID: 12727958
Oral tori in Jamaicans of African origin: a clinical study. Ogunsalu C U. West Indian Dent J 1994 1: 5-7.
Epidemiological aspects of oral tori in a Ghanaian community. Bruce I, Ndanu TA, Addo ME Accra, Ghana. International Dental Jour-nal 2004 Apr;54:78-82. PMID: 15119797
A clinical study of oral tori in southern Thailand: prev-alence and the relation to parafunctional activity. Kerdpon D, Sirirungrojying S. Eur J Oral Sci 1999 Feb;107:9-13. PMID: 10102745
Torus palatinus. Woo JK. Am J Phys Antopol 1950 Mar;8:81-111. PMID: 15410865
The occurrence of torus palatine and torus man-dibularis in 2478 dental pa-tients. Kolas S, Halperin V, Jefferis K, Huddleston S, Rbinson HB. Oral sur Oral Med Oral Pathol 1953; 6:1134-1141.
Incidence of torus palati-nus in Yugoslav skulls. Vidic B. J Dent Res 1966 Oct; 45:1511-1515. PMID: 5225326
Morphology and incidence of torus palatinus and mandibularis in Brazillian Indians. Bernaba JM. J Dent Res 1977May;56:499-501. PMID: 267104
Torus palatinus. A clinical study. Chew CL, Tan PH. Aust Dent J 1984 Aug; 29:245-48. PMID: 6596933
Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in edentulous patients. Al-Quran FA, Al-Diwari ZN. J contemp Dent pract 2006 May;7:112-19. PMID: 16685302
Torus palatinus in Icelandic School children. Axelsson G, Hedegaard B. Am J Phys Anthropol 1985;67:105-112.
Oral exophytic lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Bouquot JE, Gundlach KK. Oral surg Oral med Oral Pathol 1986 Sep;62:284-91. PMID: 3462634
Developmental Oral anom-alies among school chil-dren in Gizan region, Saudi Arabia. Salem G, Holm SA, Fattah R, Basset S, Nasser C. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:150-51.
Prevalence of torus palati-nus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai. Reichart PA, Neuhas F, Sookasem M. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1988 Feb;16:61-4. PMID: 3422622
Torus mandibularis: an es-timation of the degree of genetic determination. Eg-gen S. Acta Odontol Scand 1989 Dec;47:409-15. PMID: 2609949
Palatine and mandibular tori. A morphologic study in the current Norwegian population. Haugen LK. Ac-ta Odontol Scand. 1992 Apr;50:65–77. PMID: 1604967
Prevalence of torus palati-nus and torus mandibularis in 1000 patients. Shah DS, Sanghavi SJ, Chawda JD, Shah RM. Indian J Dent Res. 1992 Oct;3(4):107-10. PMID: 1344979
Variation in torus palatinus prevalence in Norway. Eg-gen S, Natvig B, Gasemyr J. Scand J Dent Res. 1994 Feb;102:54–59. PMID: 8153581
Prevalence of oral lesions in a selected Vietnamese population. Nair RG, Sa-marnayake LP, Philipsen HP, Graham RG, Itthagarun A. Int Dent J 1996 Feb;46:48-51. PMID: 8744917
Prevalence of torus palati-nus in a population of young and adult Israelis. Gorsky M, Raviv M, Kfir E, Moskona D. Arch Oral Biol. 1996 Jun;41:623–625. PMID: 8937655
Genetic influence on the prevalence of torus palati-nus. Gorsky M, Bukai A, Shohat M. Am J Med Genet.1998;75:138–140.
Palatal tubercles, palatal tori, and mandibular tori: prevalence and anatomical features in a U.S. popula-tion. Sonnier KE, Horning GM, Cohen ME. J Perio-dontol 1999 Mar;70:329-36. PMID: 10225550
Is torus palatinus a feature of a well-developed maxil-la. Cagirankaya LB, Kansu O, Hatipoglu MG. Clin Anat. 2004 Nov;17:623–625. PMID: 15494968
Buccal and palatal exosto-ses: prevalence and con-currence with tori. Jain-kittivong A, Langlais RP. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Jul; 90:48-53. PMID: 10884635
Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in a Thai population. Apinhasmit W, Jainkittivong A, Swasdison S. Sci Asia. 2002;28:105–111.
Oral tori in a sample of the Spanish university stu-dents: prevalence and morphology. Virginia Ga-lera, Josefa María Moreno, Esperanza Gutiérrez. An-tropologia Portuguesa 2003;20:281-305.
Is torus palatinus a feature of a well-developed maxil-la. Cagirankaya LB, Kansu O, Hatipoglu MG. Clin An-at. 2004;17:623–625
Prevalence of torus palati-nus in Turkish School chil-dren. Yildiz E, Deniz M, Ceyhan O. Surg Radiol An-at. 2005 Dec;27:368–371. PMID: 16075159
Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in edentulous patients. Al Quran FA, Al-Dwairi ZN. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006;7:112–119.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007 Mar;29:125–131. PMID: 17340055
Prevalence of Torus Palati-nus in Cappadocia Region Population of Turkey. Sis-man Y, Ertas ET, Gokce C, Akgunlu F. European Jour-nal of Dentistry. 2008 Oct;2:269-275. PMID: 19212533
Prevalence of torus palati-nus and torus mandibularis among Malay population. Hiremath VK, Husein A, Mishra N. Journal of Inter-national Society of Preven-tive and Community Den-tistry. 2011Jul;1(2):60-64. PMID: 24478956 doi:10.4103/2231-0762.97704.
Prevalence of torus palati-nus and torus mandibularis in an Indian population. Patil S, Maheshwari S, Khandelwal SK. Saudi J Oral Sci 2014;1:94-7.
Peripheral osteoma of the oral and maxillofacial re-gion: a study of 35 new cases. Sayan NB, Ucok C, Karasu HA. J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg 2002 Nov;60:1299-301. PMID: 12420263
Downloads
Publiceret
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.
