3D Printed Co-Cr Alloy Surface Treatments Effect on Shear Strength of Heat Cured Resins

Authors

  • Luay Abdullah Khalaf Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
  • Luma Mudhafar Al-Nema

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2025.1067

Keywords:

Prosthodontics, Tooth Loss, Dentures

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of different surface treatments—hydrochloric acid etching, sandblasting, metal primer application, and a combination of sandblasting with metal primer on the shear bond strength (SBS) of heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bonded to 3D-printed Co-Cr alloy, and to assess the failure modes. Materials and Methods: Fifty disk-shaped 3D-printed Co-Cr specimens were divided into five groups (n=10 each): control (C), acid etch (A), sandblast (S), metal primer (P), and sandblast + primer (SP). Specimens were bonded to heat-cured PMMA resin and tested for shear bond strength using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined microscopically. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: Significant differences in SBS were observed among groups (p ≤ 0.05). The SP group showed the highest SBS (15.78 ± 1.19 MPa), followed by P (12.77 ± 2.61 MPa) and S (5.80 ± 1.01 MPa). The A (0.43 ± 0.08 MPa) and C (0.37 ± 0.07 MPa) groups exhibited the lowest SBS values. Failure mode analysis revealed adhesive failures in C, A, and S groups, while P and SP showed predominantly mixed failures. Sandblasting increased surface roughness, while primers enhanced chemical bonding without altering topography. Conclusions: The combination of sandblasting and metal primer achieved the highest bond strength, confirming a synergistic effect between micromechanical and chemical bonding. Acid etching alone was ineffective. Combined treatments are recommended to improve the clinical performance of 3D-printed Co-Cr RPD frameworks.

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Published

2025-11-10

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Development of Craniofacial Structures

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Luay Abdullah Khalaf, Luma Mudhafar Al-Nema

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