Atmospheric Plasma-Silicatized Calcium-Phosphate Nanolayer Enhances Zirconia Resin Bonding

Authors

  • Reem Abdulrahim Al-Esraa University
  • Tameem Khuder Jassim
  • Nagham Bahjat Kamil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1461

Keywords:

CAD/CAM, Dental Restorations, Prosthodontics

Abstract

The goal of the work was to assess whether the aged resin-bonding performance would be improved by subjecting the 5Y translucent zirconia to atmospheric plasma activation and deposition of an ultra-thin silicatized calcium-phosphate nanolayer without compromising surface integrity, phase stability, and optical behavior. 50 CAD/CAM-milled KATANA UTML zirconia specimens were sintered, polished, aged, and then randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group underwent 50 µm aluminum-oxide airborne-particle abrasion, MDP-containing zirconia primer and resin cement bonding, while the study group underwent non-thermal atmospheric plasma activation, sol–gel silicatized calcium-phosphate nanolayer deposition, MDP-containing zirconia primer and the same resin cement bonding. Aged resin–zirconia bond strength, failure pattern, surface roughness, wettability, surface chemistry, phase transformation, translucency and color difference, flexural behavior, and microscopic surface and interfacial morphology were evaluated after water storage and thermocycling. Initial dimensions, roughness, wettability, translucency and color coordinates were similar across groups. The aged bond strength of the study protocol was significantly higher than that of the conventional protocol (29.21 ± 3.23 MPa and 18.33 ± 2.88 MPa, respectively). The study group also demonstrated higher reliability evidenced by the higher Weibull modulus and characteristic strength. Plasma–nanolayer treatment led to a considerable decrease in adhesive failures and an increase in mixed and cohesive resin-cement failures. The results of the experimental protocol resulted in significantly less post-treatment Ra and Rq values than the airborne abrasion and in significantly better wettability. Both groups exhibited low monoclinic phase fractions, determined by XRD, with no significant destabilization. Plasma-assisted silicatized calcium-phosphate nanolayer treatment increased durable resin bonding to aged 5Y translucent zirconia without adversely affecting the surface integrity or clinically relevant.

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Published

2026-07-27

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Adults & the Elderly

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Reem Abdulrahim, Tameem Khuder Jassim, Nagham Bahjat Kamil

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